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A system call is an [[API]] for a [[userland]] [[process]] to communicate with the [[kernel]] to request data or services outside of it's [[protected memory]].  The kernel will deliver data based on the credentials of the userland process.  System calls are listed in section 2 of the online [[manual]] page which describes their function in the [[C]] programming language.  A program wishing to open a file would use the [[open]](2) system call to do this.